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Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality, (Ethno-Mycological Studies), by R. Gordon Wasson
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- Sales Rank: #1263252 in Books
- Published on: 1972
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Paperback
- 381 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Robert Gordon Wasson Masterpiece
By Juan Camilo Rodriguez Martinez
The mystery around the Amanita Muscaria is the principal theme of these book... The magic mushroom of the fairy tales as the most plausible candidate for Soma... This book is for detectives, historians, anthropologist and enthusiasts as well....
One of the fundamental works of ethnobotany and ethnomycology... Robert Gordon Wasson is the best
One of the holy grails of the studies of entheobotany,... Grab it if you see it...
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
a classic
By m. nayler
This is a good edition on good paper and with very good illustrations throughout.
It is worth the price for Part Two - The Post-Vedic History of the Soma Plant, by Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty.
What is the Soma of the Vedas? It is one of the world's great mysteries. This book is a detective story. It is very academic and well researched, but it is not boring. A great read.
28 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
Ian Myles Slater on A New Beginning for an Old Problem
By Ian M. Slater
This is the now classic attempt to identify the mysterious god / plant / substance of the Sanskrit Vedas as the fly agaric mushroom, a fungus known to have mood-altering hallucinogenic properties when properly prepared and consumed. Wasson argues that the cryptic descriptions of the Soma can be explained by the shape and colors of the mushroom, while its effects explain its association with divine powers, and its use in the sacrificial rituals to contact the gods. The conclusion has been widely accepted, and bitterly disputed, with a number of opponents returning, armed with new information, to earlier proposals.
The earlier views are the subject of a substantial section of this thick volume, a survey of the nineteenth and twentieth century literature by Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, who is now writing as Wendy Doniger. In later writings, Doniger has supported more strongly Wasson's conclusion that Soma was originally a fungus, although admitting to some uncertainty as to which fungus, and to whether the sacred species might have shifted with time and availability. This survey is in itself a useful reference, and Doniger's translations of the some of the Rig-Veda Soma Hymns in her selection from "The Rig-Veda" for the Penguin Classics is a helpful companion as well.
(For the full set of such hymns, I know of only one English version, R.T.H. Griffith's aging complete translation of the Rig Veda -- second edition 1896 -- which, among other problems, accepted Max Mueller's identification of Soma with the Ephedra plant. The theory would make more sense if the species Mueller named was in fact the pharmacologically active Ma Huang variety, instead of just a relative.)
The whole issue is confused by difficulty of disentangling references to Soma as a ritual substance used in offerings to the Devas (the gods), as a substance the control of which was disputed by the Devas and their rivals the Asuras (roughly Titans, relatives and, mostly, enemies of the gods), and as a god itself, sometimes identical with the Moon. As such it forms a parallel to Agni, the fire-god, which is sometimes the actual sacrificial fire, sometimes an abstraction of it, and sometimes a deity with its own myths and cult.
Anyone interested in the subject of "entheogens" (a term coined after the appearance of Wasson's study, and in part as a response to it) should definitely read this book carefully, not least because it is so frequently quoted, quoted out of context, misquoted, and misrepresented -- and I am only talking about those who claim to agree with it.
So far as I am aware, there is still room for a major study, by someone other than an declared opponent of Wasson's thesis, of how closely the older Iranian material on "Haoma" (the expected, and documented, equivalent of the Sanskrit name) does or does not parallel the Vedic texts. It is possible, at least in theory, that more than one plant served the function, and received the name, in the period of Indo-Iranian linguistic unity. (The on-line "Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies" offered a series of articles on aspects of the problem in 2002-2003, which are available in pdf format; some fairly technical, but with up-to-date bibliograpy.)
I would add that while I sympathize with Wasson's endorsement of orthodox Hindu hostility toward alcohol, which already appears in the Vedic texts, it seems quite clear that fermented drinks also filled the ideological role of Soma in other Indo-European cultures. For example, a serious modern comparison of the Indra's theft or recovery of Soma from the Asuras, with the aid of, or in the shape of, an eagle, to Odin's theft of the Mead of Poetry from the Giants, in the form of an eagle, is greatly to be desired. Especially if it is undertaken by a scholar with a full command of the diverse versions of the myth in Indian literature, and an open approach to modern theories of mythic narrative.
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